Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
09589 => 0 9 5 8 9
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
0 to 9 = 9
9 to 5 = 4
5 to 8 = 3
8 to 9 = 1
9 to 0 = 9
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
9 4 3 1 9 = 94319