Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
0419 => 0 4 1 9
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
0 to 4 => 4
4 to 1 => 3
1 to 9 => 8
9 to 0 => 9
Step 3: Convert distances to codes (0=E[qual],
1 & 9 = C[onsecutive], 2-8 = N[one]):
4 => N
3 => N
8 => N
9 => C
Step 4: Combine the filters to a string:
N N N C = NNNC