Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
2137 => 2 1 3 7
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
2 to 1 = 1
1 to 3 = 2
3 to 7 = 4
7 to 2 = 5
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
1 2 4 5 = 1245