Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
3103 => 3 1 0 3
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
3 to 1 = 2
1 to 0 = 1
0 to 3 = 3
3 to 3 = 0
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
2 1 3 0 = 2130