Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
40946 => 4 0 9 4 6
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
4 to 0 = 4
0 to 9 = 9
9 to 4 = 5
4 to 6 = 2
6 to 4 = 2
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
4 9 5 2 2 = 49522